The Reciprocal Access Agreement (RAA) signed in July has bolstered the security cooperation between Japan and the Philippines and marked the country as the third nation to enter into such an agreement after Australia and the United Kingdom.
The RAA underscores the rising concerns over China’s assertive maritime activities in the West Philippine Sea, positioning both nations as quasi-allies in a region fraught with geopolitical tensions.
It likewise symbolizes strengthening the defense relations between Japan and the Philippines, reflecting a shared commitment to countering China’s expanding influence.
As a staunch advocate of the agreement, former Japanese Defense Minister Onoda Itori said the RAA not only solidifies bilateral defense but “also signals our mutual resolve to address the challenges posed by China’s assertive stance in the West Philippine Sea.”
However, the RAA signing has received mixed responses in Japan, with supporters of the pact viewing it as a necessary measure to enhance Japan’s security amidst China’s growing maritime assertiveness.
They also argued that strengthening their ties with the Philippines is vital for maintaining regional stability and protecting Japan’s maritime interests.
On the other hand, Japan’s pacifist constitution fostered a strong public sentiment against military expansion. As a cornerstone of its post-World War II foreign policy, it stood ground on their belief that the prospect of Japan providing offensive equipment such as anti-aircraft missiles, could spark a national debate.
Critics are concerned that this might signal a departure from Japan’s long-standing commitment to peace, potentially involving the country more deeply in regional conflicts.
This contrasts the vantage point of the Philippines where the RAA has been largely welcomed, especially given the recent tensions in the West Philippine Sea. With nearly 80% of Filipinos viewing China as a significant threat, the agreement is seen as a positive step toward enhancing national defense capabilities.
The Philippine government has emphasized the strategic importance of the RAA, viewing it as a crucial element in its broader defense strategy. There is a general alignment with Japan’s position, given their shared concerns about China’s maritime expansion.
Still, some Filipinos remain cautious of the potential for increased militarization in the region and the possibility of becoming overly reliant on foreign military aid. Among others, they are advocating for a more balanced approach that focuses on diplomatic solutions and strengthening domestic defense capabilities.
The RAA facilitates joint military exercises as an essential prerequisite for enhancing the preparedness of both nations in the face of potential conflicts. During his visit to Manila, Onoda discussed the need for Japan to provide the Philippines with advanced defense equipment, including anti-aircraft missiles and coastal radars. Japan has already started supporting the Philippines through the provision of Coast Guard vessels and radar systems, reflecting the growing defense collaboration between the two nations.
The introduction of Japan’s Official Security Assistance (OSA) framework also opened new avenues for defense cooperation. Launched in April 2023, the OSA allows Japan to provide defense equipment to like-minded countries, with the Philippines being the first beneficiary.
This initiative further cements the strategic partnership between the two countries, with potential plans for Japan to assist in developing the Philippines’ air defense capabilities.
Despite concerns on both sides, the growing defense ties between Japan and the Philippines highlight the evolving security dynamics in the Asia-Pacific region. As both countries navigate their complex relationship with China, their partnership will likely shape the future of regional security.
The RAA and the potential for further military collaboration underscore the importance of strategic alliances in maintaining peace and stability in an increasingly volatile region.
