Tropical Storm Carina recently hit the Philippines as the opening salvo to the 2024 typhoon season. The storm caused extensive flooding across the National Capital Region and surrounding areas, putting the region’s critical infrastructure systems under severe stress. This disaster has underscored the crucial role these systems play in our daily lives. But what exactly is critical infrastructure, and why is it so critical?
Critical infrastructure systems are the backbone of a functioning society. These systems, deemed essential by the government, include energy, water, information, transportation, healthcare, and emergency services—all of which are particularly vulnerable to severe weather.
During Typhoon Carina, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) reported that up to 40% of Metro Manila was submerged, with floodwaters ranging from 1 to 2 meters (3 to 6 feet) deep in many areas, and exceeding 2.5 meters (8 feet) in the most severely affected spots. This widespread flooding disrupted power and water supplies, paralyzed transportation, and endangered the lives of up to 2 million people in the region.
The storm took a tragic human toll, with at least 15 confirmed deaths and around 50 injuries reported in Metro Manila alone. The economic impact was immense, with estimates placing the cost of damages at approximately P20 billion ($360 million). This figure includes damages to homes, infrastructure, and public services, as well as economic losses due to disruptions in business operations and daily activities—all within just over two days of heavy rains.
Carina’s flooding disrupted key business districts, leading to losses in productivity and income. Supply chains were interrupted, affecting both local and national markets. Additionally, the cost of emergency response and recovery efforts further strained public resources and budgets.
So, where does critical infrastructure come into the picture? These are the systems that allow our society to function smoothly. Government agencies, private companies, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) each play crucial roles in managing and protecting these vital systems.
In the energy sector, the Department of Energy (DOE) oversees operations, coordinating with providers like Meralco to manage outages and expedite repairs. The Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) handles water supply and sanitation, working to restore services disrupted by the storm. Restoring water supply and maintaining a proper sewerage system is essential for sanitation and post-flooding cleanup.
The Department of Transportation (DOTr) and the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) focus on clearing flooded roads and restoring public transport, in close coordination with NCR’s local governments. The NDRRMC and the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) coordinate overall disaster response, deploying resources and providing timely updates.
Private sector entities are also vital in maintaining and recovering critical infrastructure. Meralco, the Philippines’ largest electric distribution company, played a crucial role in addressing power outages and repairing damaged infrastructure. Maynilad Water Services worked to manage water supply disruptions and repair affected systems. Telecommunications providers like PLDT and Globe Telecom ensured communication networks remained operational, supporting emergency communications and repairs.
NGOs and civil society groups are pivotal in disaster response and recovery. The Philippine Red Cross delivered essential aid, including food, medical care, and temporary shelter, and set up evacuation centers to assist those displaced by the floods. Organizations like the Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities (ICSC) contribute to sustainable recovery efforts and advocate for long-term resilience.
Critical infrastructure is both essential and critical.
The typhoon has emphasized just how important these infrastructure systems are. The storm and its subsequent flooding and disruption showed just how quickly society could be ground to a halt. As climate change drives more frequent and intense storms, these systems will face increasing pressure. Ensuring their strength and adaptability is crucial not only for immediate disaster response but also for long-term recovery and resilience.
