The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is increasingly looking into nuclear energy to address rising energy demands while aligning with the Carbon Neutrality Scenario (CNS).
As outlined in the ASEAN Energy Outlook (AEO), the CNS serves as a roadmap for ASEAN member-states to transition to low-carbon energy sources and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. While solar and wind contribute to this shift, their intermittent supply has prompted ASEAN countries to explore nuclear power as a more stable alternative.
According to the 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook, coal accounts for 42.9%, while natural gas contributes 26.8%, totaling nearly 69.7% of the region’s power generation. Renewable energy sources, including hydroelectric power, make up the remainder.
This heavy reliance on coal and gas presents challenges in meeting ASEAN’s carbon neutrality targets, pushing member states to diversify their energy mix with nuclear options.
Several ASEAN countries have begun assessing their nuclear energy portfolios, with the Philippines exploring Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) to expand its energy sources. In May 2023, U.S.-based NuScale Power expressed interest in investing in the country and conducted feasibility studies for SMR deployment. By November 2023, Manila Electric Company (Meralco) had signed an agreement with Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation (USNC) to explore Micro-Modular Reactor Energy Systems.
Meanwhile, Indonesia is advancing its plans for nuclear power generation, targeting a 4.3 GW nuclear capacity. ThorCon International has proposed a 500 MW floating nuclear plant utilizing molten salt reactor technology. Vietnam has also revived its nuclear ambitions, signing agreements with Russia’s Rosatom and setting a goal to establish its first nuclear power plants by 2030.
However, the ASEAN region faces challenges in nuclear deployment, including high capital costs, regulatory gaps, public opposition, and safety concerns, particularly in disaster-prone regions. Ensuring proper waste management and preventing potential nuclear accidents are also critical challenges.
ASEAN countries view nuclear energy as a way to enhance energy security, reduce carbon emissions, and provide a stable power supply to support industrialization. However, financial barriers, regulatory gaps, and public skepticism remain significant challenges.
Large capital investments and the establishment of robust nuclear regulatory frameworks will be essential for progress. As ASEAN moves toward carbon neutrality, nuclear energy is emerging as a key part of its strategy. Its success will depend on securing investment, developing strong regulations, and ensuring public confidence in nuclear safety and viability.
